In today's lesson, we use Jesus' parable of the Ten Virgins (Matthew 25:1-13) as a tool to review the book of Exodus.
 
The parable of the Ten Bridesmaids is about redemption and reflects the story of Exodus and the common Rabbinic interpretations of Exodus found in the first century.

As with Jesus' other parables, we must pay close attention to the symbols and what they represent. 

Understanding these symbols is the key that unlocks the meaning that not only applies to that first-century context but to our own lives.

Class Handout:

​Throughout the Gospels, Jesus repeatedly conveys a warning to those who find themselves in power but wield that power incorrectly.

The message of those ‘in power’ vs. those ‘out of power’ is particularly focused in Luke’s gospel. More than Matthew, Mark, and John - Luke emphasizes that those in power must take responsibility to act on behalf of the poor and disaffected. 

Into this motif comes the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31).

The parable is a masterpiece of storytelling. Jesus uses a framework that would be familiar to his listeners in his first-century Israeli culture (see here or here – are the examples cited most by scholars). 

The familiar folklore surrounds two common themes:
     
    1. The theme of a “role reversal” or a reversal of fortunes – Rich v. Poor. 

    2. The living receiving a message from beyond the grave as a warning. 

Jesus then adapts these common themes to his message and imbues it with references from the Old Testament and cultural thinking from first-century Judaism. 

These combine to create a pointed warning for those in charge - “repent,” or you will lose your inheritance.  

Join me for this two-part series as we explore this parable.  

​To help you with your studies, see the lesson plan below:

The parable of the Wicked Tenants (Mark 12:1-12) is a masterful weaving together of Old Testament passages. 

Jesus directs this message towards the religious leaders - the priests and the teachers of the law. 

With Psalm 2 as a backdrop, Jesus integrates Isaiah 5 and Psalm 118 in a way that conveys two things:

      1. Jesus' identity as the Messiah (the Christ).
      2. the actions of the religious leaders in opposing him. 

By the reaction of the religious leaders, they knew the parable concerned them. 

A Faith Lesson from this parable is that religious leaders everywhere should be wary of themselves turning into the "tenant farmers" and restricting the fruit of the kingdom through their own actions. 

Let us all - especially those in leadership - take this message to heart.

Reference Material:

The first book is by Kenneth E. Bailey. If you want to understand more about Jesus and the Eastern Culture as well as a number of his parables, this book is a must-read.
Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

The second book is by Brad Young and explores many of Jesus' parables through a Rabbinic perspective: The Parables: Jewish Tradition and Christian Interpretation

See also: Jesus the Jewish Theologian by Brad Young
​
The final book is best if you're further down the road in your studies. The book is a compilation of Rabbinic Parables, but the authors do not spend time going through Jesus' parables. 

They Also Taught in Parables: Rabbinic Parables from the First Centuries of the Christian Era by McArthur and Johnston. ​

The Parable of the Mustard Seed is one of the most well-known and widely discussed of Jesus’ parables.

Perhaps its simplicity is what has captured our imagination.

The parable itself is only two verses long, and yet, the brilliance of its allusions keeps the discussion alive after nearly two-thousand years.

In the final analysis, the parable of the mustard seed – along with the parable of yeast (covered in Introduction to Parables part I) – paint a dynamic picture of the kingdom of God.

The kingdom of God is a dynamic force. It requires only a small amount to get started. And yet, from that small amout, it permeates all areas of life. 

Once the kingdom of God begins to advance, no man can stop it.  

We are called to be "kingdom builders." Our job is to plant the seeds where we can. 

Like the mustard seed - our seeds can be small. Yet, through the power of the Holy Spirit, those small seeds grow into a magnificent tree that the kingdom to flourish. ​

​Listen on SoundCloud

Reference Material:

The first book is by Kenneth E. Bailey. If you want to understand more about Jesus and the Eastern Culture as well as a number of his parables, this book is a must-read.
Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

The second book is by Brad Young and explores many of Jesus' parables through a Rabbinic perspective: The Parables: Jewish Tradition and Christian Interpretation

​
The final book is best if you're further down the road in your studies. The book is a compilation of Rabbinic Parables, but the authors do not spend time going through Jesus' parables. 

They Also Taught in Parables: Rabbinic Parables from the First Centuries of the Christian Era by McArthur and Johnston. ​

All of us have read Jesus' parables. Some parables have been read over and over through the years.
​
How often, though, have we read a parable and then found ourselves thinking, "Now what did that just mean?" 

Parables (and other storytelling techniques such as fables) are foundational to communication in the ancient Near Eastern culture. Both the Jewish Rabbis and their audiences were expecting teachings to be expressed in vivid stories that captured their imagination. 
​
Telling a parable with a simple story helped the listeners carry the teaching about God with them as they went about their day. The story, woven together with Biblical references, points to "truth-principles" about God, his kingdom, or how we are to live our lives. The story allows the lesson to be told and re-told.  Over time, the truth contained within emerges in powerful ways.

Lesson Plan: 

Reference Material: 

There are many good books on parables. I will provide a reference to three.

The first book - mentioned in the video - is by Kenneth E. Bailey. If you want to understand more about Jesus and the Eastern Culture as well as a number of his parables, this book is a must-read. Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

The second book is by Brad Young and explores many of Jesus' parables through a Rabbinic perspective: The Parables: Jewish Tradition and Christian Interpretation

The final book, which I mention in the video, is best if you're further down the road in your studies. The book is a compilation of Rabbinic Parables, but the authors do not spend time going through Jesus' parables. 

They Also Taught in Parables: Rabbinic Parables from the First Centuries of the Christian Era by McArthur and Johnston.